The United States Senate is set to begin voting on legislation aimed at increasing economic pressure on Russia over its war in Ukraine.

The proposed measure would authorize Donald Trump to impose tariffs of up to 100% on countries that continue importing significant quantities of Russian oil and gas.

Supporters say the proposal is designed to reduce Russia's energy revenues, which remain a key source of funding for its military operations.

Why India Is Mentioned

India has become one of the world's largest importers of discounted Russian crude since Western sanctions reshaped global energy markets following the outbreak of the Ukraine war in 2022.

Under the proposed legislation, countries identified as major buyers of Russian energy—including India, China, Japan and some European Union members—could become subject to tariffs if the US administration chooses to invoke the new authority.

However, the bill does not automatically impose tariffs. Instead, it would give the US president the discretion to decide whether, when and on whom the tariffs should be applied.

If enacted and used, the measure could affect India's energy trade with Russia and become an additional factor in broader trade discussions between New Delhi and Washington.

Bill Still Has Several Legislative Hurdles

The Senate vote currently scheduled is a procedural step, not the final passage of the legislation.

Before becoming law, the proposal must:

• Pass the US Senate.
• Be approved by the United States House of Representatives.
• Be signed into law by President Donald Trump.

Even after enactment, any tariffs would depend on decisions made by the president under the authority granted by the legislation.

What the Legislation Seeks to Achieve

The proposal, titled the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, aims to expand sanctions on both Russia and Iran.

Its stated objectives include:

• Reducing revenue available to Russia from energy exports.
• Increasing economic pressure over the war in Ukraine.
• Expanding sanctions related to Iran's nuclear programme and support for groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United States.

The bill has been renamed in memory of late US Senator Lindsey Graham, a prominent supporter of Ukraine.

At the same time, Volodymyr Zelenskyy is in Washington to attend Graham's funeral and meet US lawmakers and President Trump.

Concerns Raised Over Tariff Powers

While President Trump has expressed support for the proposal, some lawmakers have voiced reservations.

Critics argue that granting broad tariff authority to the president could:

• Affect key US allies.
• Increase costs for American businesses and consumers.
• Introduce additional uncertainty into global trade.

These concerns may influence the bill's prospects as it moves through Congress.

Potential Implications for India

India has consistently maintained that its energy purchases are guided by national energy security and economic considerations.

Russian crude has become an important source of discounted oil for Indian refiners, helping maintain fuel supplies and improve refining margins.

Should the legislation eventually become law and tariffs be imposed, it could complicate India's trade relationship with both Russia and the United States. However, at this stage, the proposal remains under legislative consideration, and no new tariffs have been imposed.

Why This Matters

The proposed legislation reflects the continued use of economic measures by the United States to increase pressure on Russia over the Ukraine conflict. For countries such as India that have expanded imports of Russian crude, the bill is significant because it could reshape global energy trade if enacted and implemented. However, the proposal remains in the legislative process, and its final scope and practical impact will depend on congressional approval and future executive decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Has the US imposed a 100% tariff on India?

No. The proposed bill would authorize the US president to impose tariffs of up to 100%, but no such tariffs have been implemented.

Why is India mentioned in the bill?

India is one of the largest importers of Russian crude oil and could be affected if the president chooses to use the powers proposed in the legislation.

Is the bill now law?

No. It must still pass both the US Senate and the House of Representatives before it can be signed into law.

Would the tariffs be automatic?

No. The legislation would give the president discretion over whether and when to impose tariffs.

What is the purpose of the bill?

The bill seeks to increase economic pressure on Russia over the Ukraine war while also expanding sanctions related to Iran.