Pakistan’s Vulnerable Coastline Exposed During Operation Sindoor

Operation Sindoor has highlighted the vulnerabilities of Pakistan’s coastline, with Indian naval readiness forcing Pakistani warships to abandon their primary bases. During the 88-hour conflict, satellite imagery revealed that Pakistan’s navy relocated vessels from Karachi and PNS Jinnah in Ormara to civilian berths in Karachi, the Chinese-built Gwadar Port over 500 kilometres west, and Pasni near Iran. These locations were chosen to safeguard the fleet from potential strikes by the Indian Navy.

The conflict showcased the strategic power of India’s INS Vikrant carrier battle group. Four escort vessels with BrahMos missiles were reportedly primed to target Karachi, underscoring the capability of the Indian Navy to disrupt Pakistan’s maritime infrastructure. Fortunately, a ceasefire announced on May 10 prevented escalation.

An Indian naval strike or blockade would have had immediate and severe consequences for Pakistan. Global shipping would likely avoid Pakistani ports, increasing shipping costs and hampering trade. Pakistan heavily depends on daily energy imports of over 500,000 barrels of oil, with reserves sufficient for only 10–20 days. A blockade would effectively make Pakistan a landlocked state, reliant on neighboring countries such as Iran, Afghanistan, and China. Over 95% of Pakistan’s international trade by volume flows through its major ports.

Geography and naval strength compound Pakistan’s vulnerability. Its coastline forms a geographical cul-de-sac, and the navy is unable to match India’s capabilities. During wartime, Pakistan’s navy is effectively confined to harbor, limiting its operational effectiveness.

Historically, India has exploited these weaknesses. During the 1971 war, Indian missile boats destroyed Pakistan’s surface fleet off Karachi and bottled up forces in East Pakistan. The INS Vikrant group prevented seaborne escapes, even capturing merchant vessels carrying fleeing soldiers.

In 2025, Pakistan sought alternative safe harbors at Gwadar and Pasni, signaling efforts to bypass potential blockades. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Diwali visit to the INS Vikrant sent a strategic message to Pakistan, highlighting the continued threat posed by the Indian Navy along its 1,000-kilometre coastline.

Operation Sindoor reaffirms that Pakistan’s vulnerable coastline remains a critical strategic challenge. With limited naval capabilities and reliance on coastal ports for trade and energy, any future maritime conflict could severely impact Pakistan’s economy and security.