Why US F-35 Sale to Saudi Arabia Has Raised China Spying Concerns

The US approval of a potential $24.3 billion sale of 48 F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia has raised concerns in Washington over whether China could gain access to sensitive American military technology. The proposed deal, which also includes 49 engines and related equipment, still requires congressional review.

The F-35 is a fifth-generation stealth aircraft and would give Saudi Arabia access to a capability it does not currently operate. Riyadh’s existing fighter fleet includes US-made F-15s and European Tornado and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft.

US intelligence officials have reportedly warned that China’s expanding defence and technology relationship with Saudi Arabia could create espionage risks. Internal assessments cited by The New York Times raised concerns that Chinese access to Saudi military facilities or cooperation with Saudi security institutions could expose sensitive F-35 technology.

Saudi Arabia has expanded defence cooperation with China in areas including ballistic missiles and drones, while Chinese technology is also used in parts of the kingdom’s telecommunications infrastructure. US officials have therefore stressed the need for strict controls around facilities housing F-35-related systems.

The proposed sale also has implications for Israel’s longstanding military advantage in the region. Israel is currently the only Middle Eastern operator of the F-35, and US law requires Washington to preserve its qualitative military edge. The State Department has nevertheless said the proposed Saudi sale would not alter the regional military balance.

The deal comes amid escalating tensions involving Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Houthis in Yemen. Washington has also deepened defence ties with Riyadh, including a previously announced $142 billion defence package.

Congress now has a review period during which lawmakers can scrutinise the F-35 proposal before any final transfer takes place.